R.E.M.

In Athens, Georgia (USA), Michael Stipe and Peter Buck met in 1978 in the record store where Buck worked and discovered they shared an interest in post-punk British music. Two years later they formed REM, playing their first concert (also in Athens, GA) on 19 April 1980. Their line-up consisted of four drop-outs from the University of Georgia - Michael Stipe (vocals), Peter Buck (guitar), Mike Mills (bass) and Bill Berry (drums). Without the charisma of Stipe and his eccentric onstage behavior, hurling himself about with abandon in-between mumbling into the microphone, they could easily have been overlooked as just another bar band, relying on the harmonious guitar sound of The Byrds for their inspiration.

Their debut single, Radio Free Europe, was released in 1981. Village Voice magazine hailed it as the independent single of the year, and it met with considerable praise by critics who conceded that the band amounted to more than the sum of their influences. Their country/folk sound was contradicted by a driving bassline and an urgency that put the listener more in mind of The Who in their early Mod phase. Add to this the distinctive voice of Stipe and his inaudible, perhaps even non-existent, lyrics, and REM sounded quite unlike any other band in the USA in the post-punk era of the early 80s.

Newly signed to IRS Records, they gained further favorable notices for August 1982's mini-album, Chronic Town, produced by Mitch Easter. The bands' first full-length album, Murmur, was released in 1983 and quickly became a mainstay of US college radio, gradually nudging its way into the US Top 40. It was eventually named as Album Of The Year by Rolling Stone magazine.

As in the USA, the band earned a devoted cult following in Europe, largely comprised of college students. Reckoning appeared the following year and was permeated by a reckless spontaneity that had been missing from their earlier work.

Although received enthusiastically by critics, the Joe Boyd-produced Fables Of The Reconstruction was a stark, morose album that mirrored a period of despondency within the band.  Peter Buck summed it up in the 90s - "If we were to record those songs again, they would be very different". Life's Rich Pageant, produced by Don Gehman, showed the first signs of a politicization within the band that would come to a head and coincide with their commercial breakthrough in the late 80s.

Stipe's lyrics began to dwell increasingly on the prevailing amorality in the USA and question its inherited ethics, while retaining their much vaunted obliqueness. Tracks such as These Days and Cuyahoga were rallying cries to the young and disaffected. Although the lyrics were reflective and almost bitter, the music was the most joyous and uplifting the band had recorded to date.

This ironic approach to song writing was typified by It's The End Of The World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine) from 1987's equally impressive Document, which intentionally trivialized its subject matter with a witty and up-tempo infectiousness. In a similar vein was The One I Love - a deliberately cold and detached dismissal of an ex-lover that was, nevertheless, completely misinterpreted as romantic by countless record-buyers who pushed the single up to number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The album was produced by Scott Litt, who would continue to work with the band over the next few years.

REM's major label debut, Green, arrived the following year and sold slowly but steadily in the USA. The attendant single Stand reached US number 6 in January 1989, while Orange Crush entered the UK Top 30 the same June. Apart from demonstrating their environmental awareness, particularly on You Are The Everything, the album laid more emphasis on Stipe's vocals and lyrics. This, to the singer's dismay, led to his elevation as "spokesman for a generation", particularly with the apparent self-revelation of World Leader Pretend. Already hero-worshipped by adoring long-term fans who saw him as both pin-up and creative genius, Stipe insisted: "Rock 'n' roll is a joke, people who take it seriously are the butt of the joke".

The world tour that coincided with the album's release saw REM making a smooth transition from medium-size venues to the stadium circuit, owing as much to Stipe's individual choreography as to the elaborate, projected backdrops. After a break of two years, during which Berry, Buck and Mills collaborated with singer Warren Zevon as The Hindu Love Gods, the band re-emerged with Out Of Time.

Their previous use of horns and mandolins to embroider songs did not prepare their audience for the deployment of an entire string section, nor were the contributions from B-52's singer Kate Pierson and Boogie Down Productions' KRS-One expected. Ostensibly the band's first album to contain "love" songs, it was unanimously hailed as a masterpiece and topped both the US and UK album charts. The accompanying singles from the album, Losing My Religion (US Number 4/UK Number 19), Shiny Happy People (US Number 10/UK Number 6), Near Wild Heaven (UK Number 27) and Radio Song (UK Number 28), gave them further hits.

Automatic For The People was released in October 1992 to universal favor, reaching the top of the charts in the UK and USA. The album produced a number of memorable singles including the moody Drive (US Number 28/UK Number 11), the joyous Andy Kaufman tribute Man On The Moon (US Number 30/UK Number 18) with its classic Elvis Presley vocal inflections from Stipe and an award-winning accompanying monochrome video, The Sidewinder Sleeps Tonite (UK Number 17) and Everybody Hurts (US Number 29/UK Number 7).

Monster featured the band in grunge mode, not letting any accusations of selling out bother them, and certainly letting fans and critics alike know that they had not gone soft. What's The Frequency, Kenneth? (UK Number 9) started a run of hit singles taken from the album and further awards were heaped upon them. Following the collapse of Bill Berry in Switzerland while on a major tour in 1995, the band was forced to rest. Berry was operated on for a ruptured aneurysm and made a full recovery. In August 1996, the band re-signed with Warner Brothers Records for the largest recording contract advance in history: $80 million was guaranteed for a five-album contract.

New Adventures In Hi-Fi was released in September. Recorded mostly during sound checks during the ill-fated Monster tour, it was nevertheless another outstanding collection. From the epic chord changes and lyrical sentiments of Be Mine to the cool understated calm of How The West Was Won And Where It Got Us, it showed the band's remarkable creative depth. E-Bow The Letter - featuring Patti Smith - also provided the band with a UK Top 5 single.

In October 1997, Bill Berry shocked the music world by announcing his intention to leave REM after 17 years with the band. The remaining members were quick to confirm that they would be continuing without him, using the adage "a three-legged dog can still walk'.

Although there was no official replacement on drums, with the rest of the band electing to continue REM as a three-piece, ex-Screaming Trees drummer Barrett Martin contributed to sessions for 1998's Up, which also featured new producer Pat McCarthy. Introduced by the single Daysleeper (a UK Top 10 hit), this album was the band's most adventurous recording since the mid-80s. The following year they provided the soundtrack for the Andy Kaufman biopic Man On The Moon, which included the excellent new track, The Great Beyond.

Reveal delighted fans and critics with sharp lyrics and some classic Buck chord changes. Even the guitarist's minor air-rage incident en route to London (he was acquitted of any criminal charges in March 2002) could not taint the plaudits the album received. They earned further praise the following year when they contributed the track All The Right Friends to the soundtrack of Cameron Crowe's Vanilla Sky.

The critical praise heaped upon REM has been monumental, but despite all this attention they have remained painfully modest and reasonably unaffected, and, despite the loss of Berry, still appear united. They are one of the most important and popular bands to appear over the past three decades, and although their commercial heyday appears to have passed they still retain massive credibility and every new release is anticipated with great excitement.